Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) is a rather common condition caused by a hormonal imbalance that occurs when the ovary produces excess hormones. Regardless of its name, not everyone who has polycystic ovary syndrome has cysts on their ovaries. Often, the majority of women are not diagnosed until they are of childbearing age and have difficulty conceiving a child. This is also why the majority of women are diagnosed in their 20s and 30s.
There are four types of PCOS,
1) Insulin resistant,
2) Medication and substance induced,
3) inflammatory and
4) Hidden cause, possibly genetic.
A diagnosis is made by the presence of any two of the following: Menstrual irregularities, Polycystic ovarian morphology detected by transvaginal ultrasonography. An increased ratio between luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone detected by blood testing. The normal ratio is 1:1. For women with PCOS the ratio is 2:1 or even 3:1.
Some of the more common symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome are irregular periods, acne issues, obesity, abnormal pigmentation of the skin or darkening of the skin, excessive hair growth on the body, what is referred to as hirsutism. Hirsutism affects upwards of 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Another symptom of PCOS is thinning hair and patchy areas of hair loss on the scalp. Some women with PCOS have cysts on their ovaries but this does not apply to all women with PCOS.
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome generally have a higher level of male hormone specifically the hormone, androgen. Hormones behave in a balancing manner, similar to see-saw or balancing scale if you will. Too much of one hormone generally creates a low level of another hormone. Excess androgen directly impacts insulin resistance which can lead to diabetes. It also produces low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the body. High levels of androgen can also cause acne of both the cystic and bullous types. Excessive growth of body hair as well as thinning and balding patches on the scalp are also quite common symptoms seen with PCOS and often the first symptom.
Certain lifestyle choices exacerbate symptoms of PCOS and although a poor diet is not a cause of PCOS, the symptoms of PCOS can be aggravated and become worse with a nutritionally deficient, highly processed diet, especially inflammation throughout the body. To avoid and reduce the risk of the development of diabetes and heart disease a Mediterranean diet, which eliminates saturated fats and refined sugars, or a diet of whole foods is recommended for women who have PCOS. The avoidance of fried foods such as French fries and potato chips, Saturated fats such as butter and margarine. Red meat, processed luncheon meats including hot dogs and processed bakery goods such as cookies, cakes and pies all should be avoided.
Diets that eliminate carbs should be avoided because carbohydrates play an important role in maintaining proper blood sugar levels and contribute to overall health. Low glycemic carbs are recommended. A great way to stabilize blood sugar is to eat smaller portions more frequently, throughout the day.
Although there is no cure for polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS can be effectively managed through the development of a plan and the dedication and compliance of the patient. Management and treatment of PCOS includes a lifestyle change, eating a nutritious whole food diet along with daily exercise, and maintaining a healthy body weight. Studies have shown that even a 30-minute walk can produce positive health benefits.
Pharmaceuticals can be used that specifically block androgen and hormonal birth control can be used to help those women who have irregular menstrual cycles.
